状语从句定义：
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
什么能做状语？
1 副词
2 介词短语 ：he traveled in Africa for six weeks.
3 形容词: my uncle stood there, died. he finally came back, tired and cold.
4 with复合结构: with a lot of work to do, I think I have no time to accompany you.
5 独立主格结构: he lay on his bed, his hands under his head.
6 非谓语动词：to do doing / having done done
7 状语从句
考点1 让步状语从句 ★★★★★
(1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以与yet或still连用; though与although意义相同, 用法基本一样, 前者通俗, 口语化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。
*Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up. 尽管我费了好大劲才叫醒弗兰克, 但是他坚持说没有睡着。
(2)even if和even though的意思为“即使, 纵使”, 有退一步设想的意味, 多用于书面语中。 *Even if the connections were visible, they would remain beyond the understanding of most people. 即便这些联系是可见的, 但它们对大多数人来说还是无法理解的。
(3)as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语, 从句常放在句首, 语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词, 则该名词提前时, 省去其前的冠词。
*Tired as they were, they walked on without any rest. 尽管他们很累, 他们没有休息就继续走了。
(4)no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样, no matter. . . 引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。
*No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless. 不管沙漠里可能是多么干燥, 它也并不一定是没有生命存在的。
(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/ whichever);
however。
①wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用;
②wh-ever可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句, no matter. . . 只能引导让步状语从句。
*To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with. 不论我们和谁握手, 为了表示尊敬, 我们通常要摘掉手套。
(6)while也可以引导让步状语从句, 意为“尽管”, 一般放在句首。 *While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also good at basketball. 尽管排球是她主要的项目, 她也很擅长篮球。
